Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 20
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. anest ; 50(1): 27-55, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512386

ABSTRACT

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening clinical condition that results from the activation of mast cells/basophils, inflammatory pathways, or both. It can be specific (allergic), or non-specific (non-allergic). Most anaphylaxis are mediated by IgE, but there are also some mediated by IgM and complement activation. Incidence is about 1:10,000 anesthesia. Recent studies show that the drugs or substances mostly implicated in producing perioperative anaphylaxis are: neuromuscular blockers (60.6%), antibiotics (18.2%), patent blue dye (5.4%) and latex (5.2%). However, all drugs and substances used during anesthesia and surgery, perhaps with the sole exception of inhalation agents and crystalloids, have been reported as potentially causes of anaphylaxis. The clinical presentation is multisystemic, producing signs and symptoms mainly on skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. In its advanced phase, it may evolve to anaphylactic shock, causing tissue hypoperfusion and leading to altered cell integrity and multiple organ failure, associated with high mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation (history and clinical manifestations), biological evidence (serum tryptase levels, serum histamine levels and search for specific IgE) and allergological evidence (skin tests, provocation test, mediator release tests and tests of activation of basophils). Treatment include 3 stages: general measures, first-line or primary treatment and second-line or secondary treatment. General measures consist of: Trendelenburg position, invasive monitoring (according to the severity of the clinical presentation), 100% oxygen administration, discontinuation of drugs and/or suspected agents and asking for help. The primary treatment is epinephrine in doses proportional to the clinical manifestations, airway support, 100% oxygen and aggressive resuscitation with intravenous fluids. Secondary treatment includesadministration of bronchialodilators, corticosteroids, and antihistamines.


Una anafilaxia es una condición clínica potencialmente mortal que resulta de la activación específica (alérgica), o no específica (no alérgica) de mastocitos/ basófilos, vías inflamatorias o ambos. La mayoría de las anafilaxias son mediadas por IgE, pero también las hay por IgM y activación del complemento. Su incidencia es de 1:10.000 anestesias. En los últimos estudios, los fármacos o sustancias más implicadas en producir anafilaxia perioperatoria son los bloqueadores neuromusculares (60,6%), los antibióticos (18,2%), las tinturas azules (5,4%) y el látex (5,2%), sin embargo, todas las drogas y sustancias usadas durante la anestesia y la cirugía, tal vez con la única excepción de los agentes inhalatorios y los cristaloides, han sido reportadas como potencialmente causantes de anafilaxia. El cuadro clínico es multisistémico, originando signos y síntomas centrados en la piel y los sistemas respiratorio, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal y nervioso central. En su fase avanzada puede evolucionar a anafiláctico, causando hipoperfusión tisular y llevando a alteración en la integridad celular y falla de múltiples órganos, con alta mortalidad asociada. El diagnóstico se basa en evidencias clínicas (historia y manifestaciones clínicas), evidencias biológicas (niveles de triptasa sérica, de histamina sérica y búsqueda de IgE específicas) y evidencias alergológicas (pruebas cutáneas, test de provocación, pruebas de liberación de mediadores y pruebas de activación de basófilos. El tratamiento incluye 3 etapas: medidas generales, tratamiento de primera línea o primario y tratamiento de segunda línea o secundario. Las medidas generales consisten en poner al paciente en posición de Trendelemburg, iniciar monitorización invasiva según la intensidad del cuadro clínico, administración de oxígeno al 100%, discontinuación de drogas y/o agentes posiblemente incriminados y pedir ayuda. El tratamiento primario es la adrenalina, en dosis proporcionales a las manifestaciones clínicas, el soporte de la vía aérea manteniendo el oxígeno ql 100% y la reanimación agresiva con fluidos endovenosos. El tratamiento secundario incluye la administración de broncodilatadores, corticoesteroides y antihistamínicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Anaphylaxis/therapy , Immunologic Tests , Anaphylaxis/epidemiology , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects
2.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(3): 224-228, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451166

ABSTRACT

Myotonic dystrophy is an uncommon disease, characterised by disorders of the muscle membrane. Its clinical manifestations are muscle weakness, difficulty at initiating movements and delayed muscle relaxation. Carriers of this disease are very sensitive to anaesthetic drugs. Residual neuromuscular blockade is common among these patients, leaving them at risk of various postoperative complications. Proper neuromuscular blockade reversal is therefore crucial. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with myotonic dystrophy type I (Steinert's disease), who was admitted for a complicated hydatid cyst. He required a laparotomy, which was done under general anesthesia with no intraoperative incidents. He was extubated at the end of the procedure, with 94% response at the train-of-four (TOF) and adequate spontaneous ventilation. No reversal for neuromuscular blockade was given. The patient evolved favourably during the postoperative phase. However, in the later postoperatory period the patient presented severe respiratory complications. Proper anaesthetic management of these patients, as described in the literature, includes the use of non-depolarising muscle relaxants, monitoring of muscle relaxation and reversal of neuromuscular blockade. The combination of rocuronium and sugammadex appears to convey the optimum reversal required for these cases.


Las distrofias miotónicas son enfermedades poco comunes, caracterizadas por trastornos a nivel de la membrana muscular. Clínicamente se manifiestan por debilidad muscular progresiva, dificultad al iniciar movimientos y retardo en la relajación muscular. Los portadores de este grupo de enfermedades tienen una marcada sensibilidad a los fármacos anestésicos. Es habitual que presenten bloqueo neuromuscular residual, arriesgándose a sufrir diversas complicaciones postoperatorias. Por ello, es importante realizar una reversión adecuada de la relajación muscular en estos pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 18 años, con distrofia miotónica de Steinert tipo I, que ingresa para laparotomía por quiste hidatídico hepático complicado. Recibió anestesia general sin incidentes. Es extubado con una respuesta al tren-de-cuatro (TOF) de 94% y ventilación espontánea adecuada. No se realiza reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular y evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio inmediato. Sin embargo, en el período postoperatorio tardío, presenta complicaciones respiratorias severas. El adecuado manejo de estos pacientes, según lo recomendado en la literatura, requiere el uso de relajantes no-depolarizantes, monitorización y reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular, siendo probablemente la combinación de rocuronio y sugammadex, la más adecuada para estos fines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced , Myotonic Dystrophy/surgery , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Sugammadex/therapeutic use , Rocuronium/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/therapeutic use
3.
PAFMJ-Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal. 2017; 67 (3): 491-493
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-188585

ABSTRACT

For induction of anaesthesia many agents are administered intravenously, anaphylactic reaction can occur to any of these agents


Neuromuscular blocking agents are most commonly implicated as the cause of anaphylactic reaction in anaesthesia practice


Amino-steroids, benzylisoquinoliniums and suxamethonium are being commonly used for intubation and perioperative muscle relaxation. We are presenting a case of anaphylactic reaction to benzylisoquinolinium i.e. atracurium in a young patient. The patient was revived with a prompt diagnosis and treatment


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anaphylaxis , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents
4.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 65(5): 319-325, Sept.-Oct. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763145

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate how Brazilian anesthesiologists are using neuromuscular blockers, focusing on how they establish the diagnosis of postoperative residual curarization and the incidence of complications associated with the use of neuromuscular blockers. A questionnaire was sent to anesthesiologists inviting them to participate in the study. The online data collection remained open from March 2012 to June 2013. During the study period, 1296 responses were collected. Rocuronium, atracurium, and cisatracurium were the main neuromuscular blockers used in cases of elective surgery. Succinylcholine and rocuronium were the main neuromuscular blockers used in cases of emergency surgery. Less than 15% of anesthesiologists reported the frequent use of neuromuscular function monitors. Only 18% of those involved in the study reported that all workplaces have such a monitor. Most respondents reported using only the clinical criteria to assess whether the patient is recovered from the muscle relaxant. Most respondents also reported always using some form of neuromuscular blockade reversal. The major complications attributed to neuromuscular blockers were residual curarization and prolonged blockade. Eighteen anesthesiologists reported death attributed to neuromuscular blockers. Residual or prolonged blockade is possibly recorded as a result of the high rate of using clinical criteria to diagnose whether the patient has recovered or not from motor block and, as a corollary, the poor use of neuromuscular transmission monitors in daily practice.


RESUMOO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar como os anestesiologistas brasileiros estão usando os bloqueadores neuromusculares (BNM), com foco na forma de estabelecer o diagnóstico da curarização residual pós-operatória e a incidência de complicações atribuídas ao uso de BNM. Um questionário foi enviado a anestesiologistas convidando-os a participar da pesquisa (tabela 1). A coleta online de dados permaneceu aberta de março de 2012 a junho de 2013. Durante o período de estudo foram coletadas 1.296 respostas. Rocurônio, atracúrio e cisatracúrio foram os principais bloqueadores neuromusculares usados em casos de cirurgia eletiva. Succinilcolina e rocurônio foram os principais BNM usados em casos de cirurgia de emergência. Menos de 15% dos anestesiologistas referiram que usam frequentemente monitores da função neuromuscular. Apenas 18% dos envolvidos no estudo referiram que todos os locais de trabalho têm tal monitor. A maioria dos entrevistados afirmou que usa somente o critério clínico para avaliar se o paciente está recuperado do relaxante. A maioria dos entrevistados também relatou que sempre usa algum tipo de reversão de bloqueio neuromuscular. As principais complicações atribuídas aos BNM foram curarização residual e bloqueio prolongado. Houve relato por 18 anestesiologistas de óbito atribuído a BNM. O bloqueio residual ou prolongado se registra, possivelmente, como consequência do alto índice do uso de critérios clínicos para diagnosticar se o paciente está recuperado ou não do bloqueio motor e, como um corolário, o baixo uso de monitores da transmissão neuromuscular na prática diária.


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Blockade , Anesthesiologists , Intubation, Intratracheal , Monitoring, Physiologic , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects , Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 125 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-763791

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia anestésica da articaína 4%, da lidocaína 2%, ambas associadas à epinefrina 1:100.000, e da bupivacaína 0.5%, associada à epinefrina 1:200.000, durante pulpectomia em pacientes com pulpite irreversível em molares inferiores. Cento e cinco voluntários do Setor de Urgência da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo receberam, aleatoriamente, 3,6mL de um dos anestésicos locais para o convencional bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior (BNAI). No caso de falha do BNAI, foram administrados 3,6mL da mesma solução como injeção complementar no ligamento periodontal. O sinal subjetivo de anestesia do lábio, a presença de anestesia pulpar e ausência de dor durante a pulpectomia foram avaliados, respectivamente, por indagação ao paciente, por meio do aparelho estimulador pulpar elétrico (pulp tester) e por uma escala analógica verbal. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado, Kruskal Wallis e Razão de Verossimilhanças. Foi adotado nível de significância de 0,05 (P <= 0,05). Todos os pacientes reportaram anestesia no lábio após o BNAI. A lidocaína apresentou valores superiores (42,9%) para a anestesia pulpar após o BNAI e após a injeção no ligamento periodontal (61,5%). A bupivacaína apresentou valores superiores para a analgesia (80%) após o BNAI e a lidocaína (92,3%) após a injeção no ligamento periodontal. Após a falha do BNAI, a dor na câmara pulpar foi a mais frequente para articaína e lidocaína e na dentina para a bupivacaína e após a falha da injeção no ligamento periodontal, a dor foi similar para articaína nas diferentes regiões; câmara, canal e dentina; para a bupivacaína foi mais frequente na dentina e para a lidocaína no canal. No entanto, essas diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes. Portanto as três soluções anestésicas locais se comportam de forma semelhante e não apresentam efetivo controle da dor no tratamento da pulpite irreversível em molares inferiores.


The aim of this study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine both associated with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 0.5% bupivacaine associated with 1:200,000 epinephrine in patients with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular molars during a pulpectomy procedure. One hundred and five volunteers from the Emergency Center of the School of Dentistry at University of São Paulo randomly received 3.6 mL of local anesthetic as a conventional inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). The subjective signal of lip numbness, pulpal anesthesia and the absence of pain during the pulpectomy procedure were, respectively, evaluated by questioning the patient, stimulation using an electric pulp tester and a verbal analogue scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis and likelihood rations. The level for significance of differences was P <= .05. All patients reported the subjective signal of lip numbness after the application of either IANB. Lidocaine showed higher values for pulpal anesthesia after the IANB (42.9%) and after injection in the periodontal ligament (61.5%). Bupivacaine presented higher values for analgesia after the IANB (80,0%) and lidocaine after injection in the periodontal ligament (92,3%). After the failure of the IANB, the pain in the pulp chamber was the most frequent to articaine and lidocaine and bupivacaine for dentin and after the failure of the periodontal ligament injection, the pain was equal to articaine in different regions, chamber, canal and dentin; for bupivacaine was greater in dentin and lidocaine was higher in the channel. However, these differences were not statistically significant. So the three local anesthetic solutions behave similarly and not present any effective pain control in the treatment of irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Dental/methods , Anesthesia, Dental , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/therapeutic use , Pulpectomy
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(6): 385-389, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675618

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Crotoxin is the main neurotoxin of South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. The neurotoxic action is characterized by a presynaptic blockade. The purpose of this research is to assess the ability of crotoxin to induce temporary paralysis of extraocular and facial muscles in humans. METHODS: Doses of crotoxin used ranged from 2 to 5 units (U), each unit corresponding to one LD50. We first applied 2U of crotoxin in one of the extraocular muscles of 3 amaurotic individuals to be submitted to ocular evisceration. In the second stage, we applied crotoxin in 12 extraocular muscles of 9 patients with strabismic amblyopia. In the last stage, crotoxin was used in the treatment of blepharospasm in another 3 patients. RESULTS: No patient showed any systemic side effect or change in vision or any eye structure problem after the procedure. The only local side effects observed were slight conjunctival hyperemia, which recovered spontaneously. In 2 patients there was no change in ocular deviation after 2U crotoxin application. Limitation of the muscle action was observed in 8 of the 12 applications. The change in ocular deviation after application of 2U of crotoxin (9 injections) was in average 15.7 prism diopters (PD). When the dose was 4U (2 applications) the change was in average 37.5 PD and a single application of 5U produced a change of 16 PD in ocular deviation. This effect lasted from 1 to 3 months. Two of the 3 patients with blepharospasm had the hemifacial spasm improved with crotoxin, which returned after 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data suggesting that crotoxin may be a useful new therapeutic option for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm. We expect that with further studies crotoxin could be an option for many other medical areas.


OBJETIVO: A crotoxina é a principal neurotoxina da cascavel sul-americana Crotalus durissus terrificus e sua ação neurotóxica caracteriza-se por um bloqueio pré-sináptico. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a capacidade da crotoxina em induzir paralisia transitória de músculos extraoculares e faciais em seres humanos. MÉTODOS: As doses utilizadas de crotoxina foram de 2 a 5 unidades (U), sendo que cada unidade correspondia a uma DL-50. Na primeira etapa, aplicou-se 2U de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 3 indivíduos amauróticos, candidatos à evisceração. Na segunda etapa, realizaram-se 12 aplicações de crotoxina em músculos extraoculares de 9 indivíduos estrábicos e amblíopes. Na terceira e última etapa, utilizou-se a crotoxina para o tratamento do blefaroespasmo essencial em 3 indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente demonstrou qualquer efeito sistêmico ou alteração da visão ou de qualquer estrutura ocular. O único efeito local adverso foi hiperemia conjuntival, que melhorou espontaneamente. Em 2 pacientes não houve alteração do desvio ocular após a aplicação de 2U de crotoxina. Observou-se em 8 das 12 aplicações, limitação do movimento ocular no campo de ação do músculo aplicado. A diminuição do desvio ocular com 2U crotoxina (9 aplicações) foi em média de 15,7 dioptrias prismáticas (DP); na dosagem de 4U (2 aplicações) foi em média de 37,5 DP e na única aplicação de 5U, obteve-se redução de 16 DP no desvio ocular. A alteração do alinhamento ocular manteve-se por 1 a 3 meses. Dois dos 3 pacientes portadores de blefaroespasmo apresentaram melhora dos espasmos hemifacias, os quais voltaram após 2 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Através dos resultados observados neste estudo, acreditamos que a crotoxina possa ser útil no tratamento do estrabismo e do blefaroespasmo. Novos estudos precisam ser realizados para confirmar a eficácia e a segurança da crotoxina como opção terapêutica para diversas áreas da medicina que atualmente utilizam a toxina botulínica.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Crotoxin/administration & dosage , Facial Muscles/drug effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects , Ophthalmoplegia/drug therapy , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Crotoxin/adverse effects , Injections, Intraocular , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Strabismus/drug therapy
8.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2007; 37 (1): 243-255
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-83746

ABSTRACT

Mivacurium- pancuronium combination proved to be more potent than either drug given alone. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination in elderly group and its correlation to plasma butyryl cholinesterase [Bche] activity. Forty patients, ASA I or II scheduled for elective open cholecystectomy were allocated into two groups of twenty patients each: young group [18- 55 years] and elderly group [60-75 years]. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol then maintained with isoflurane and opioid supplementation. Neuromuscular blockade [NMB] was monitored by train-of-four [TOF] stimulation of the ulnar nerve. After calibration, NMB was achieved by 16 micro g kg[-1] pancuronium followed by 32 micro g kg[-1] mivacurium. The following parameters were recorded: The onset time, clinical duration, recovery index and the total dose of mivacurium and pancuronium together with hemodynamic data. Three blood samples for Bche activity were collected: before pancuronium injection, 3 min. and 30 min. afterwards in both groups. The onset time and the recovery index of NMB were comparable in both groups. The duration of action was significantly prolonged in elderly group [49.8 +/- 10.48 min.] compared to young one [37.13 +/- 7.81 min.]. The total dose of mivacurium was significantly less in the elderly group [22.56 +/- 2.39 micro g kg[-1] hr[-1]] when compared to the young group [25.78 +/- 3.05 micro g kg[-1] hr[-1]]. For all patients, the preoperative Bche activity was within the normal range. After pancuronium injection, it showed a significant reduction in both groups at three and thirty minutes except a non significant value in young at thirty minutes. This reduction showed a significantly higher percent change in the elderly group [30.37 +/- 22.01] than the young group [8.60 +/- 19.19] at thirty minutes. There were significant intra operative variations in the percent changes of hemodynamic data compared to the preoperative values, yet, still within the clinically acceptable range. So, the use of a small dose of pancuronium followed by a small dose of mivacurium with a ratio of 1:2 can produce synergism without affecting either the recovery profile of mivacurium or the clinical hemodynamic stability even in the elderly group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General , Cholinesterases , Aged , Hemodynamics , Anesthesia Recovery Period
10.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 50(4): 273-7, jul.-ago. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-278430

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos: reaçöes que ocorrem durante a anestesia podem ser caracterizadas como anafiláticas ou anafilactóides. Os bloqueadores neuromusculares säo responsáveis por parte dessas reaçöes. O objetivo deste estudo visa determinar a evidência de liberaçäo de histamina, através da avaliaçäo hemodinâmica e laboratorial, após administraçäo de mivacúrio ou rocurônio, em doses utilizadas na prática clínica para intubaçäo traqueal. Método: paeticiparam do estudo trinta pacientes, com idades entre 18 e 70 anos, estado físico ASA I e II, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo M (mivacúrio); grupo R (rocurônio). Os foram monitorados por meio de oximetria de pulso, cardioscopia e pressäo arterial invasiva. Foram avaliados os parâmetros cardiovasculares e a concentraçäo plasmática de histamina nos seguintes momentos: pré-induçäo anestésica (MO); após administraçäo de etomidato (M2); dois (M4) e quatro minutos (M6) após a injeçäo do bloqueador neurosmuscular (mivacúrio ou rocurônio). As amostras foram colhidas em seringas resfriadas e centrifugadas por 10 minutos à 1.500 rotaçöes por minuto em centrífuga à 4ºC. As alíquotas foram analisadas pelo método Elisa para determinaçäo da concentraçäo de histamina plasmática. Resultados: os dados hemodinâmicos: pressäo arterial sistólica, diastólica, média e frequencia cardíaca foram semelhantes entre os grupos estudados. Os níveis plasmáticos de histamina (nanomolar) nos diversos momentos foram: grupo R (MO=4,1 ñ1,05; M2=3,85 ñ1; M4=4,39 ñ1,93; M6=6,04ñ4,04) e grupo M (MO=3,95ñ1,47; M2=4,48ñ3,85; M4=11,09ñ15,6; M6=7,81ñ8,38), sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Quatro pacientes do grupo M e três do grupo R apresentaram aumento da concentraçäo plasmática de histamina em momentos diferentes do estudo, näo relacionados com a variaçäo hemodinâmica. Conclusöes: os resultados encontrados sugerem que é baixo o índice de liberaçäo de histamina após administraçäo, de rocurônio e mivacúrio, em um minuto, nas doses preconizadas para intubaçäo traqueal. Näo houve evidência de correlaçäo entre a liberaçäo de histamina e alteraçöes hemodinâmicas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hemodynamics , Histamine Release , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/administration & dosage , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Etomidate/administration & dosage , Etomidate/therapeutic use
13.
Benha Medical Journal. 1998; 15 (3): 487-495
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-47753

ABSTRACT

Cisatracurium is one of the ten stereoisomers of atracurium, it is a potent intermediate duration non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. and its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are similar to atracurium. it is degraded in plasma by Hofmann degradation and ester hydrolysis. In this study we evaluated its neuromuscular blocking effect in patients with bilharzial liver cirrhosis. We studied 20 patients which were divided into 2 groups, 10 patients each, the patients of the first group were ASA, I or II and patients of the second group had hepatic cirrhosis child II all patients received thiopentone sodium, cisatracurium 0.1mg/kg, then intubation was done and anaesthesia was maintained with N20: O2 and halothane with controlled ventilation. There was significant prolongation in the onset time of relaxation after injection of the bolus dose in hepatic patients, however there was insignificant difference between the two groups as regard the duration of neuromascular block or total dose of cisatracurium. So, we can conclude that cisatracurium is a suitable muscle relaxant in patients with liver cirrhosis


Subject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis , Muscle Relaxation , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects
17.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 25(3): 224-9, jul.-set. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-248998

ABSTRACT

Foram estudadas as respostas circulatórias à indução anestésica com midazolam (0.3mg.kg-1) e intubação traqueal em 30 pacientes sem patologias cardiovasculares que receberam um dos seguintes bloqueadores neuromusculares: pancurônio 0.1mg.kg-1 (n=10), atracúrio 0.5mg.kg-1 (n=10). Não ocorreram alterações de frequência cardiáca (FC) e pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) em nenhum dos grupos antes da intubação traqueal. Observaram-se aumentos significantes de FC após a intubação traqueal apenas nos pacientes que receberam pancurônio e alcurônio, tendo os maiores valores ocorrido entre os pacientes do grupo que recebeu pancurônio. A PAS elevou-se significante e comparavelmente em todos os grupos após a intubação traqueal, o mesmo acontecendo com a PAD. Alta incidência de movimentação anormal, sialorréia e lacrimejamento também foram notadas. As condições de intubação traqueal foram consideradas regulares a ruins na maioria dos pacientes estudados


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Preanesthetic Medication
18.
Psicoactiva ; 7(10): 20-30, abr. 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-142942

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó el efecto antifatigante in vitro del clorhidrato de cocaína (Benzoilmetilecgonina), sobre la preparación neuromuscular nervio frénico-diafragma de la rata. La fatiga muscular fue inducida por estimulación del nervio frénico con una frecuencia de 3 pulsos/segundo en periodos de 5 minutos, y se tomó como índice de fatiga el decrecimiento de la tensión isométrica. Se encontró que la cocaína no afectó significativamente el proceso de fatiga en el rango de 20ng/ma a 200ug/ml. En esta preparación la interacción entre cocaína y adrenalina fue también nula sobre el proceso de fatiga muscular


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cocaine/adverse effects , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , In Vitro Techniques , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Pharmacology
20.
Rev. argent. anestesiol ; 45(2): 117-32, abr.-jun. 1987. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-43803

ABSTRACT

Ciertos antibióticos comúnmente empleados en la práctica médica diaria son capaces de producir bloqueo neuromuscular. Los pacientes especialmente predispuestos a desarrollar este efecto adverso son aquellos que tienen reducido el margen de seguridad de la transmisión neuromuscular, ya sea por la administración previa de drogas con capacidad bloqueante, o bien por enfermedad (v. gr., miastenia gravis). Los grupos de antibióticos con capacidad bloqueante neuromuscular incluyen a los aminoglucósidos, polimixinas, tetraciclinas y un grupo misceláneo en el que se encuentran la clindamicina y la lincomicina. Los antibióticos pueden afectar la transmisión neuromuscular de diversas formas, y el conocimiento del sitio principal de acción bloqueante es necesario para inferir la utilidad potencial de un agente reversor del bloqueo neuromuscular. La parálisis muscular curariforme plenamente establecida y puramente inducida por antibióticos es de presentación infrecuente en clínica pero está asociada con una elevada mortalidad


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL